The electrical system has a 12 volt negative ground supply and consists of a battery, alternator, starter, electrical consumers and electrical circuits.
To protect electrical circuits, fuses are used, the color of which corresponds to the protection current of the fuse. The health of the fuse is determined by the presence of a wire conductor connecting the contacts of the fuse.
When working on electrical equipment, remove the ground wire from the battery in order to prevent the possibility of a short circuit in electrical circuits.
The electrical equipment of the engine includes the ignition, charging and starting system.
The battery is charged by a generator, which is driven by a belt from the crankshaft pulley.
The starter is a mixed-excitation DC motor with an electromagnetic traction relay. When the engine is started, the traction relay moves the pinion gear into engagement with the flywheel ring gear before the starter is powered by the battery. After starting the engine, the freewheel disengages the starter armature from the flywheel ring gear.
Warning: When working on the electrical system, in order not to damage the semiconductor devices (diodes and transistors), the following requirements must be met:
- while the engine is running, do not disconnect the battery, alternator or any electrical connectors;
- when carrying out any work, remove the negative terminal from the battery;
- when carrying out electric welding work on a car, turn off the alternator and electronic control device;
- do not allow the engine to run with the generator disconnected from the electrical system;
- do not test the generator for operation by shorting its output contacts to ground.
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