- battery is defective;
- open circuit between the ignition switch, traction relay, battery and starter;
- faulty traction relay;
- mechanical or electrical defect of the starter.
Turn on the headlights to test the battery. If they dim after a few seconds, the battery is low. Recharge or replace the battery. If the headlights do not dim, turn on the starter and observe the light. If they dim, then voltage is supplied to the starter and the fault is in it. If the headlights keep burning bright (and there is no click of the starter traction relay), this indicates that there is a damage in the electrical circuit or the traction relay is faulty. If the starter turns slowly and the battery is in good condition, then this indicates that the starter is defective or there is significant resistance in the starter circuit.
If damage to the electrical circuit is suspected, disconnect the battery and clean all connections and contacts in the starter power circuit. Reconnect the battery and, using a voltmeter, check the voltage across the electrical circuit elements before the starter.
If the battery and electrical circuit are in good condition, remove the power wire from the traction relay and connect a voltmeter to it. Turn the ignition key to position "engine starting". The battery should be at full voltage in this position.
The traction relay contacts can be checked by connecting a voltmeter between the traction relay contact connected to the starter and ground. When the ignition key is turned to position "engine starting" The voltmeter should show voltage. In the absence of voltage, the solenoid of the traction relay is faulty or the contacts of the traction relay are burnt.
If the electrical circuit and the traction relay are working, then the starter is faulty.
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