- 1 - engine,
- 2 - clutch,
- 3 - gearbox,
- 4 - drive shaft,
- 5 - power take-off shaft,
- 6 - output shaft,
- 7 - front differential,
- 8 - differential,
- 9 - cardan shaft,
- 10 - drive gear of the rear final drive,
- 11 - rear differential,
- I - first gear,
- II - second gear,
- III - third gear,
- IV - fourth gear,
- V - fifth gear,
- R - reverse gear,
- A1 - front axle drive,
- A2 - rear axle drive,
- T - tachometer
All-wheel drive vehicles are designated by the word SYNCRO. To drive the rear wheels, an additional transfer case, cardan shaft, rear main gear and rear drive shafts are installed on the car. To equalize the speed of rotation of the front and rear wheels, a special differential is used. Additionally, a special differential redistributes torque between the front and rear axles of the car. When the wheels slip on one of the vehicle axles, the torque transmitted to the other axle automatically increases. This improves the grip of the wheels of the car with the road surface. On the axle where the contact of the wheels with the road surface is reduced, the torque transmitted to that axle is also reduced, as a result of which the vehicle's resistance to side skids is increased. Regardless of this, a special differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, which is necessary for the normal operation of the anti-lock brake system. The distribution of torques in a special differential is made using gears and a worm differential.
The special differential works autonomously, without control signals. The technical parameters of the differential are determined by the parameters of the worm differential. The basic principle that lies in the differential is that on the one hand the worm differentials rotate easily and freely, and on the other hand they hardly or do not rotate at all. The process of redistribution of torques occurs very quickly and smoothly, while its external manifestations are not noticeable.
A special differential is attached to the gearbox housing. The differential is lubricated with the same oil as the gearboxes. This does not require an oil change.
The rear final drive with differential is filled with gear oil GL5 SAE 90. The amount of oil is 1.5 liters. Oil change during the operation of the car is not provided. Checking the oil level is carried out through a special hole.
Repair of the special differential and rear final drive must only be carried out at a specialized service station.
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