The principle of operation of a diesel engine

When the diesel engine is running, clean air is sucked in and highly compressed. At the same time, the temperature in the cylinders rises to values exceeding the ignition temperature of diesel fuel. When the piston almost reaches top dead center, it is highly compressed and heated to 600 degrees. C air is injected into diesel fuel. Diesel fuel ignites spontaneously, so spark plugs are not needed. With a cold engine, the ignition temperature is sometimes not reached, the engine must be preheated. To do this, each swirl chamber has one spark plug. In addition, the diesel engine also has a cold start accelerator, which is activated by a button on the armature before starting. Under the action of the accelerator, the piston of the fuel feed advance mechanism moves approximately 2.5 degrees. This causes the fuel to be injected into the hot air earlier and the cold engine starts faster. In addition, the engine revs faster, the exhaust gases contain little blue smoke. After starting the engine, the tension button must be pushed back.

The combustible mixture is created by a mechanical fuel pump, injected into the vortex chamber by means of nozzles, which is available for each cylinder. The swirl chamber is shaped so that during the compression stroke the air acquires a swirl pressure which allows the injected fuel to be mixed with the air in an optimal manner.

Fuel is drawn directly from the fuel distribution pump through the fuel filter. Of course, fuel is supplied only when there is no air in the device. The fuel filter retains impurities and water. Therefore, it is very important that the fuel filter is replaced in accordance with the instructions.

The fuel pump does not require maintenance. It is driven by a toothed belt drive, which is in turn driven by a camshaft. All moving parts of the pump are lubricated with diesel fuel. This also applies to spray nozzles.

Since the diesel does not require ignition and cannot be turned off by removing the electrical voltage, it is equipped with a solenoid valve that interrupts the fuel supply. When the engine is started, the solenoid valve receives movement through the starter switch. This ensures that the fuel supply is cut off before the steering lock is locked.