If you need to find a malfunction in the electrical system or install an additional device, you can not do without an electrical diagram, which shows all directions of current flow and cable connections. The electrical circuit must be closed, otherwise the current will not pass through it. It is not enough, for example, to apply a positive current to the headlight, it must have a ground connection.
Therefore, ground cable (-) battery is connected to the body. Sometimes a single ground connection is not enough and the corresponding consumer receives a straight ground wire, the insulation of which is usually brown. Circuits may include switches, relays, fuses, meters, motors, or other devices. For the correct connection of these devices, their contacts have the appropriate designation.
In order to make it easier to understand the interweaving of wires, they are located individually vertically next to each other and numbered on the wiring diagram.
The vertical lines of the schemes are directed upwards - into the general field. This field indicates a relay board with fuses. The relay board has a permanent ground connection (terminal 31). The thin dashes in the field clearly indicate which circuits within the relay board are switched with each other. At the bottom, the circuit is closed by a horizontal line, which symbolizes the connection to ground. The ground connection is usually made directly through the body or via a wire with a ground point on the body.
If the circuit is interrupted by a square in which there is a number, then the figure indicates the further path of the current.
It is advisable to handle the electrical circuit as follows:
first, they search for the necessary device according to the legend, for example, the heater motor switch. In the right column, next to the designation of the device, the current path is marked with a number, which is also indicated below on a horizontal line.
In order to be able to read the wiring diagram, you need to know the designation of the device on the diagram and, in addition, you need to know the designation of the most important switches.
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